Electronegativity I. The Effective Nuclear Charge Number Method of Establishing the Elemental Electronegativity Scale

Through the ionization energy of the valence shell and the energy of the valence bond orbital, the new scale of the electronegativity of 90 elements in the Periodic Table has been established by the effective nuclear~ charge number method. χ=0.4123-E V, this formula indicates that the electronegativity value is in direct proportion to the square root of the absolute value of the energy of the valence bond orbital, and the values obtained are a set of dimensionless relative parameters. The rising of the elemental electronegativity value with valence state corresponds with the strengthening of elemental non-metallicity. The value of the elemental electronegativity not merely relates to a single bonding electron, but it has close relation to many an electron that participates in valence bond action or even the whole valence shell, too. The elemental electronegativity value of hydrogen differs from Pauling's value and is equal to 1.52. The (χ A-χ B) 2 value being~ constructed by the Δ′ extra ionic energy of the bond in 16 kinds of hydride, there does be a favorable~ linear relation between both. This method has fully embodied the advantages of the three great electronegativity scales recognized at present. At the same time, this scale is also a kind of energy scale of valence~ shell electrons in valence bond states, and is a quantitative description and reflection of the periodic law of elements~.