Palladium-Catalyzed Suzuki Reaction in Aqueous Media

The palladium-catalyzed Suzuki cross-coupling reaction has become one of the most powerful tools for sp 2 -sp 2 carbon-carbon bond formation.This coupling reaction is increasingly being applied in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals, natural products and advanced functional materials.In recent years, developing aqueous systems for the Suzuki reaction has attracted attention from many researchers.This paper reviews the recent progress in the Suzuki reaction using neat water and aqueous-organic co-solvent as reaction media.A large number of different strategies for the Suzuki reaction in water have been developed, in which the authors aim at the solutions to the enhancement of the reactivity of the palladium-catalyzed Suzuki reaction using water-soluble ligands, surfactants, microwave assistance, or ligand-free system.Keywords Suzuki reaction; palladium catalyst; aqueous phase 随着人们对环境保护和化工可持续发展观念的加 强, 绿色化学的重要性越来越突显, 化学过程正朝着更 清洁、更绿色的方向发展.在 Anastas 和 Warner [1,2] 提出 的绿色化学十二条原则中, 绿色溶剂的应用是最重要的 准则之一.在化工生产过程中, 大量有机溶剂的使用和排放对 人类生存环境产生了极大的威胁.为了研发替代传统有 机溶剂的绿色溶剂, 自 20 世纪 90 年代以来, 已发展了 多种非传统的溶剂, 例如: 离子液体 [3] , 超临界流体 [4,5] , 全氟溶剂 [6] 以及最清洁、廉价和安全的绿色溶剂水 [7,8] .1984 年, 水相丙烯羰基合成制丁辛醇在大工业生产中 获得成功应用是这一领域的历史性进展 [9] .钯催化的 Suzuki 反应是构建 C sp 2 -C sp 2 键最主要的方法之一, 并 广泛用于天然产物、医药、先进功能材料等联芳类化合 物的合成 [10～13] .近年来, 如何实现水相 Suzuki 反应引起 人们的高度关注.围绕着如何解决底物水溶性差而引起