Neural Correlates of Response to Pharmacotherapy in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Individualized Cortical Morphology-Based Structural Covariance

Abstract Background Primary pharmacotherapy regimen for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) named Serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SRIs) does not attain sufficient symptom improvement in 40-60% of OCD. We aimed to decode the differential profile of OCD-related brain pathology per subject in the context of cortical surface area (CSA) or thickness (CT)-based individualized structural covariance (ISC) and to demonstrate the potential of which as a biomarker of treatment response to SRI-based pharmacotherapy in OCD using the support vector machine (SVM). Methods T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging was obtained at 3 T from 56 unmedicated OCD subjects and 75 healthy controls (HCs) at baseline. After 4 months of SRI-based pharmacotherapy, the OCD subjects were classified as responders (OCD-R,N = 25; ≥ 35% improvement) or nonresponders (OCD-NR,N = 31; Results An optimal feature set of the top 12 ISCs including a CT-ISC between the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex versus precuneus, a CSA-ISC between the anterior insula versus intraparietal sulcus, as well as perisylvian area-related ISCs predicted the initial prognosis of OCD as OCD-R or OCD-NR with an accuracy of 89.0% (sensitivity 88.4%, specificity 90.1%). Extended sets of ISCs distinguished the OCD subjects from the HCs with 90.7-95.6% accuracy (sensitivity 90.8-96.2%, specificity 91.1-95.0%). Conclusion We showed the potential of cortical morphology-based ISCs, which reflect dysfunctional cortical maturation process, as a possible biomarker that predicts the clinical treatment response to SRI-based pharmacotherapy in OCD.