Two lanthanide coordination polymers, [Ln2(dpdc)3(H2O)2] n (Ln = Sm 1, Dy 2; dpdc = 2,2′-diphenyldicarboxylate) were prepared by hydrothermal reaction and characterized by elemental analyses, IR spectroscopy, thermogravimetry, fluorescence spectrometry, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. X-ray studies indicate that the two complexes are isostructural, with two different lanthanide ion nodes linked by dpdc ligands into an infinite one-dimensional chain structure, in which dpdc ligands are bidentate-bridging/bidentate-bridging and bidentate-bridging/chelate-bridging. Complexes 1 and 2 exhibit luminescent characteristics of Sm(III) and Dy(III) ions, respectively.