Neural Correlates of Motor/Tactile Imagery and Tactile Sensation in a BCI paradigm: A High-Density EEG Source Imaging Study

Complementary to brain–computer interface (BCI) based on motor imagery (MI) task, sensory imagery (SI) task provides a way for BCI construction using brain activity from somatosensory cortex. The underlying neurophysiological correlation between SI and MI was unclear and difficult to measure through behavior recording. In this study, we investigated the underlying neurodynamic of motor/tactile imagery and tactile sensation tasks through a high-density electroencephalogram (EEG) recording, and EEG source imaging was used to systematically explore the cortical activation differences and correlations between the tasks. In the experiment, participants were instructed to perform the left and right hand tasks in MI paradigm, sensory stimulation (SS) paradigm and SI paradigm. The statistical results demonstrated that the imagined MI and SI tasks differed from each other within ipsilateral sensorimotor scouts, frontal and right temporal areas in α bands, whereas real SS and imagined SI showed a similar activation pattern. The similarity between SS and SI may provide a way to train the BCI system, while the difference between MI and SI may provide a way to integrate the discriminative information between them to enhance BCI performance. The combination of the tasks and its underlying neurodynamic would provide a new approach for BCI designation for a wider application. BCI studies concentrate on the hybrid decoding method combining MI or SI with SS, but the underlining neurophysiological correlates between them were unclear. MI and SI differed from each other within the ipsilateral sensorimotor cortex in alpha bands. This is a first study to investigate the neurophysiological relationship between MI and SI through an EEG source imaging approach from high-density EEG recording.