Metal-organic framework-based biosensing platforms for diagnosis of bacteria-induced infectious diseases

Bacterial infectious diseases represent a formidable threat to public health and global biosafety. The lengthy process of conventional diagnostic tools and complexity of laboratory-based diagnosis procedures pose a significant challenge to medical practice. Therefore, advancement in diagnostic capabilities and monitoring measures are critical to reduce the burden of disease engendered by bacterial pathogens. Recently, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), renowned for their exceptional porosity, surface area, and design flexibility, have flourished and gained prominence in the biosensing domain, particularly in identifying infectious diseases caused by bacteria. MOF-based biosensors provide accurate and rapid diagnosis, contributing to timely intervention and targeted therapy. This review primarily concentrates on the progress in MOF-based biosensors for diagnosis of bacteria-induced infectious diseases over the last five years. It commences with an overview of MOF-based materials prevalently utilized in biosensing, followed by a discussion of their unique advantages, which are derived from the intrinsic structural and functional attributes, as well as emergent analytical methodologies. The review then provides an exhaustive analysis of MOF-based diagnosis applications for bacterial infections, encompassing pathogen identification, metabolic profiling, biomarker detection, bacterial discrimination and orchestration of targeted treatment. Ultimately, the future challenges and prospects are envisioned on practical applications of MOF-based materials for diagnosis of bacteria-induced infectious diseases.