Predict; Don't React for Enabling Efficient Fine-Grain DVFS in GPUs

With the continuous improvement of on-chip integrated voltage regulators (IVRs) and fast, adaptive frequency control, dynamic voltage-frequency scaling (DVFS) transition times have shrunk from the microsecond to the nanosecond regime, providing immense opportunity to improve energy efficiency. The key to unlocking the continued improvement in V/f circuit technology is the creation of new, smarter DVFS mechanisms that better adapt to rapid fluctuations in workload demand.