Inhibition of p38 MAPK/NF-κB p65 signaling pathway activity by rare ginsenosides ameliorates cyclophosphamide-induced premature ovarian failure and KGN cell injury

Panax ginseng C. A. Mey., one of the most used herbs in the world, shows effective treatment in reproductive injury. Recent studies have proven that the processed product, red ginseng, which is more active than ginseng itself. Therefore, it is speculated that its main functional component, rare ginsenosides (heat-transformed saponin, HTS), may be effective in treating premature ovarian failure (POF), but its efficacy has not yet been experimentally confirmed.