Biodiversity of intestinal Lactobacillus in relation to dietary habits and health status in Mongolians of China

Diet and health status directly or indirectly affect the gut microbiota. Mongolians have a varied intestinal Lactobacillus. However, how the diet regulates intestinal Lactobacillus and affects health has not been fully discussed. In this research, we engaged 72 adult Mongolian participants. Conducting a physical examination and Dietary assessments to understood their dietary habits and health status. Then, Designed a pair of Lactobacillus-specific primers to seeking correlations between their diet, health, and intestinal Lactobacillus. The results show that the Lactobacillus-specific primer (Lac16s) used was highly effective in amplifying Lactobacillus sequences. The amplified fragment effectively differentiated various Lactobacillus species. We deciphered the Lactobacillus diversity in Mongolian participants, discovering notable differences between the normal and overweight individuals. Specifically, the overweight group exhibited higher abundances of Ligilactobacillus salivarius, Limosilactobacillus mucosae, Ligilactobacillus ruminis, and Limosilactobacillus reuteri, whereas the normal weight group had a pronounced presence of Lacticaseibacillus paracasei. A deeper analysis established that vitamin intake profoundly influences the Lactobacillus composition in Mongolian intestines. Additionally, the health of the participants was closely tied to the presence of Lacticaseibacillus paracasei and Limosilactobacillus mucosae. Scrutinizing the relationships between Lactobacillus strains and metabolic function revealed a significant link between most metabolic pathways, such as ascorbate and aldarate metabolism, fructose and mannose metabolism, and histidine metabolism, especially with Lacticaseibacillus paracasei. This strain may be influenced by dietary habits. In conclusion, we infer that the Lactobacillus composition in Mongolian intestines is intertwined with their diet and health.