Recent progress, challenges, and perspectives in the development of solid-state electrolytes for sodium batteries

Sustainable energy storage technologies, such as all-solid-state sodium batteries, are seen as a promising field of research. The high energy and power densities of all-solid-state sodium batteries, together with their low cost and abundant reserves of Na metal, give them a good reputation. When it comes to creating safe, high-energy-density sodium-ion batteries, solid state electrolytes are crucial. The fundamental issue with developing all-solid-state sodium batteries is their comparatively low performance because of low ionic conductivity of sodium ions, interfacial resistance with electrodes, and thermal and electrochemical stability. In this article, recent development to overcome challenges associated with different solid state electrolytes i.e., inorganic solid electrolytes that include the β-alumina, NASICON, sulfide base electrolyte, as well as the solid-polymer and hybrid solid electrolytes, have been discussed. Key requirements for the development of future solid state electrolytes are highlighted and different strategies to improve the performance of solid state electrolytes have been proposed. The prospects for enhancing the properties of all-solid-state sodium batteries in real-world applications as well as the future development of solid electrolytes are also analyzed.