Wearable Triboelectric Nanogenerators Based on Printed Polyvinylidene Fluoride Films Incorporated with Cobalt‐Based Metal–Organic Framework for Self‐Powered Mobile Electronics

In this study, wearable triboelectric nanogenerators comprising bar‐printed polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) films incorporated with cobalt‐based metal–organic framework (Co‐MOF) were developed. The enhanced output performance of the TENGs was attributed to the phase transition of PVDF from α‐crystals to β‐crystals, as facilitated by the incorporation of the MOF. The synthesis conditions, including metal ion, concentration, and particle size of the MOF, were optimized to increase open‐circuit voltage (V OC ) and open‐circuit current (I SC ) of PVDF‐based TENGs. In addition to high operational stability, mechanical robustness, and long‐term reliability, the developed TENG consisting of PVDF incorporated with Co‐MOF (Co‐MOF@PVDF) achieved a V OC of 194 V and an I SC of 18.8 μA. Furthermore, the feasibility of self‐powered mobile electronics was demonstrated by integrating the developed wearable TENG with rectifier and control units to power a global positioning system (GPS) device. The local position of the user in real‐time through GPS was displayed on a mobile interface, powered by the battery charged through friction‐induced electricity generation.