Advances in microplastics detection: A comprehensive review of methodologies and their effectiveness

Microplastics (MPs) pollution has become a significant environmental concern due to their widespread distribution and potential impact on aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. Accurate and efficient methods for detecting MPs in environmental samples are essential for understanding their sources, distribution, and effects. This review article examined the techniques and approaches employed to detect MPs in environmental samples. From visual identification to advanced spectroscopic and pyrolysis-GCMS methods, we explored the strengths, limitations, and recent advancements in MP detection. This review provided an overview of the principles that can guide future research and monitoring efforts by comparing methodologies and discussing their applications in different sample matrices.