Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution Driven by Advanced Metal Sulfides from Sustainable Multilevel Biomass and Waste Plastics

Abstract Promoted by the goal of global energy transformation and carbon neutrality, green hydrogen production technology driven by solar energy has become a key strategic direction to break through the bottleneck of energy and the environment. Traditional photocatalytic water decomposition method for hydrogen production is limited by the low kinetic efficiency of oxidation half‐reaction and dependence on high‐cost and harmful sacrifice agents, therefore it is urgent to seek a potential and sustainable alternative. In this review work, the relevant research progress of different metal sulfide photocatalysts in photocatalytic hydrogen evolution (PHE) of multilevel biomass resources and waste plastics is reviewed. First, the structure and modification strategy of metal sulfides are discussed, and the PHE mechanism and multi‐scale synergistic effect are analyzed. Second, the effective strategies of different metal sulfides in the PHE process of multilevel biomass and waste plastics are summarized. In addition, the vital industrialization potential of the technology is also evaluated from the aspects of environmental impact and economic feasibility. Finally, the development direction of material‐process‐artificial intelligence integration innovation is prospected, providing theoretical guidance and technical path from laboratory to large‐scale application.