Covalent organic framework encapsulated multi-walled carbon nanotubes for ultrasensitive electrochemical determination of lead ions in water and e-cigarette samples

A Tp-Bpy-COF@MWCNT-based electrochemical sensor has been developed for the ultrasensitive detection of lead ions, achieving an impressive low detection limit of 0.0749 μg L −1 . Graphical abstract created, in part, with 3D Max and Materials Studio.