A survey of perioperative medicine services with a focus on provision for older surgical patients in the UK and Republic of Ireland: SNAP-3

Perioperative medicine aims to improve care for high-risk patients, and is endorsed by national guidelines in the UK and Republic of Ireland (ROI). However, comprehensive perioperative medicine services are not yet uniformly available. This survey addressed the current state of perioperative medicine services for older surgical patients in the UK and ROI and how these services align with current national guidance. A survey was distributed electronically to all publicly administered UK and ROI hospitals performing surgical procedures. The survey examined perioperative care against national recommendations regarding service organisation and conduct. Of 339 eligible hospitals, 54.9% (186/339) responded. A hospital frailty lead was appointed in 54% (101/186) of hospitals, and 9% (16/186) had a designated anaesthetist for cognitive impairment. Hospital anaesthetic services outside the theatre were focused on preoperative assessment clinics (146/172), with few reporting routine postoperative involvement (17/166). Nurse-led preoperative assessments of frailty, cognition, and delirium risk were conducted in 49.5% (90/182), 44.3% (78/176), and 13.7% (24/175) of hospitals, respectively. The Clinical Frailty Scale was used in 87.0% (147/169) of hospitals for frailty screening. The 4 'A's Test (45.7% [85/186]) and Abbreviated Mental Test (43.0% [80/186]) were the preferred cognitive assessment tools. The survey highlights the variation in perioperative medicine services that exist for older surgical patients despite national guidelines advocating their widespread implementation. Opportunity exists to develop interspecialty perioperative services further and promote identification of frailty, cognitive impairment, and delirium, all of which negatively impact postoperative outcomes for older surgical patients.