医学
前额
结缔组织
解剖
皱纹
面部肌肉
皮肤老化
肌电图
病理
物理医学与康复
皮肤病科
老年学
作者
Michael Alfertshofer,Nina Engerer,Konstantin Frank,Nicholas Moellhoff,David L Freytag,Sebastian Cotofana
出处
期刊:Aesthetic Surgery Journal
[Oxford University Press]
日期:2023-01-17
卷期号:43 (7): NP531-NP540
被引量:2
摘要
Recent research has indicated that in the upper face a delicate arrangement exists between the muscles of facial expression and the skin. This arrangement allows for immediate transmission of movements following muscle contraction, resulting in skin movements and skin rhytid formation.To investigate age-related changes of the biomechanical unit formed by facial muscles, their connective tissue envelope, and the skin of the upper face.A total of 76 Caucasian volunteers (30 males, 46 females) with a mean age of 42.2 years (SD 18.6) and a mean body mass index of 24.58 kg/m2 (SD 3.7) were investigated. Three upper facial regions were analyzed for skin firmness and elasticity with cutometric assessment, vertical and horizontal skin vector displacement using 3-dimensional imaging, and muscle activity with surface-derived electromyography.Study participants of older age (>42.2 years), when compared with younger participants (≤42.2 years), showed increased skin firmness, at 0.20 mm vs 0.30 mm (P < .001); decreased skin elasticity at 53.2% vs 69.0% (P < .001); increased vertical (not horizontal) skin mobility at 3.56 mm vs 1.35 mm (P < .001); and decreased surface-derived electromyography (sEMG) signal of the frontalis muscle with 174 µV vs 309 µV (P = .039).This study reveals that age-related changes occur in each component of the biomechanical unit formed by facial muscles, connective tissue envelope, and skin in the upper face. Knowledge and understanding of such changes can allow for more targeted and individualized surgical and nonsurgical aesthetic treatments.
科研通智能强力驱动
Strongly Powered by AbleSci AI