医学
前额
结缔组织
解剖
皱纹
面部肌肉
皮肤老化
肌电图
病理
物理医学与康复
皮肤病科
老年学
作者
Michael Alfertshofer,Nina Engerer,Konstantin Frank,Nicholas Moellhoff,David L. Freytag,Sebastian Cotofana
摘要
This study reveals that age-related changes occur in each component of the biomechanical unit formed by facial muscles, connective tissue envelope, and skin in the upper face. Knowledge and understanding of such changes can allow for more targeted and individualized surgical and nonsurgical aesthetic treatments.
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