[Regional analysis of high risk factors of hypertensive disorders in pregnancy with organ or system impairment].

Objective: To explore the influencing factors of pregnancy-induced hypertensive disorders in pregnancy (HDP) with organ or system impairment in pregnant women, and to analyze and compare the differences of HDP subtypes in different regions of China. Methods: A total of 27 680 pregnant women with HDP with complete data from 161 hospitals in 24 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities were retrospectively collected from January 1, 2018 to December 31, 2018. According to their clinical manifestations, they were divided into hypertension group [a total of 10 308 cases, including 8 250 cases of gestational hypertension (GH), 2 058 cases of chronic hypertension during pregnancy] and hypertension with organ or system impairment group [17 372 cases, including 14 590 cases of pre-eclampsia (PE), 137 cases of eclampsia, 2 645 cases of chronic hypertension with PE]. The subtype distribution of HDP in East China (6 136 cases), North China (4 821 cases), Central China (3 502 cases), South China (8 371 cases), Northeast China (1 456 cases), Southwest China (2 158 cases) and Northwest China (1 236 cases) were analyzed. By comparing the differences of HDP subtypes and related risk factors in different regions, regional analysis of the risk factors of HDP pregnant women with organ or system impairment was conducted. Results: (1) The proportions of HDP pregnant women with organ or system impairment in Northeast China (79.05%, 1 151/1 456), Central China (68.42%, 2 396/3 502) and Northwest China (69.34%, 857/1 236) were higher than the national average (62.76%, 17 372/27 680); the proportions in North China (59.18%, 2 853/4 821), East China (60.85%, 3 734/6 136) and South China (59.56%, 4 986/8 371) were lower than the national average, and the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05). (2) Univariate analysis showed that the proportions of primiparas, non-Han, non-urban household registration, irregular prenatal examination and PE history in the hypertension with organ or system impairment group were higher than those in the hypertension group, and the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that primiparas, non-Han, non-urban household registration, irregular prenatal examination and PE history were independent risk factors for HDP pregnant women with organ or system impairment (all P<0.05). (3) Primipara: the rates of primipara in Northeast China, North China and Southwest China were higher than the national average level, while those in South China, Central China and Northwest China were lower than the national average level. Non-Han nationality: the rates of non-Han nationality in Northeast China, North China and Northwest China were higher than the national average, while those in East China, South China and Central China were lower than the national average. Non-urban household registration: the rates of non-urban household registration in Northeast China, North China, and Southwest China were lower than the national average, while those in East China, Central China were higher than the national average. Irregular prenatal examination: the rates of irregular prenatal examination in North China, South China and Southwest regions were lower than the national average level, while those in Northeast China, Central China and Northwest China were higher than the national average level. History of PE: the incidence rates of PE in Northeast China, North China, South China and Southwest China were lower than the national average level, while those in Central China and Northwest China were higher than the national average level. Conclusions: Primiparas, non-Han, non-urban household registration, irregular prenatal examination, and PE history are risk factors for HDP pregnant women with organ or system impairment. Patients in Northeast, Central and Northwest China have more risk factors, and are more likely to be accompanied by organ or system function damage. It is important to strengthen the management of pregnant women and reduce the occurrence of HDP.目的： 探讨妊娠期高血压疾病（HDP）孕妇伴发器官或系统受累的影响因素，分析比较全国各地区HDP类型的差异。 方法： 收集全国24个省、自治区、直辖市的161家医院2018年1月1日至12月31日资料完整的HDP孕妇27 680例，根据其临床表现分为单纯血压升高组［共10 308例，包括妊娠期高血压（GH）8 250例、妊娠合并慢性高血压2 058例］、伴器官或系统受累组［共17 372例，包括子痫前期（PE）14 590例、子痫137例、慢性高血压伴发PE 2 645例］。回顾性分析华东（6 136例）、华北（4 821例）、华中（3 502例）、华南（8 371例）、东北（1 456例）、西南（2 158例）、西北（1 236例）七大地区HDP的类型分布，通过对比各地区HDP类型的差异及其相关高危因素，对HDP孕妇伴器官或系统受累的危险因素进行区域性分析。 结果： （1）东北（79.05%，1 151/1 456）、华中（68.42%，2 396/3 502）、西北（69.34%，857/1 236）地区HDP孕妇伴器官或系统受累的占比高于全国平均水平（62.76%，17 372/27 680）；华北（59.18%，2 853/4 821）、华东（60.85%，3 734/6 136）及华南（59.56%，4 986/8 371）地区HDP孕妇伴器官或系统受累的占比低于全国平均水平；分别比较，差异均有统计学意义（P均<0.05）。（2）单因素分析结果显示，初产妇、非汉族、非城市户籍、不规范产前检查（产检）、PE病史在伴器官或系统受累组中的占比高于单纯血压升高组，分别比较，差异均有统计学意义（P均<0.05）；经多因素logistic回归分析，初产妇、非汉族、非城市户籍、不规范产检、PE病史是影响HDP孕妇伴器官或系统受累的独立风险因素（P均<0.05）。（3）初产妇占比：东北、华北、西南地区高于全国平均水平，华南、华中、西北地区低于全国平均水平；非汉族率：东北、华北、西北地区高于全国平均水平，华东、华南、华中地区低于全国平均水平；非城市户籍率：东北、华北、西南地区低于全国平均水平，华东、华中地区高于全国平均水平；不规范产检率：华北、华南、西南地区低于全国平均水平，东北、华中、西北地区高于全国平均水平；PE病史：东北、华北、华南以及西南地区的发生率低于全国平均水平，华中、西北地区高于全国平均水平。 结论： 初产妇、非汉族、非城市户籍、不规范产检、PE病史是HDP孕妇伴器官或系统受累的危险因素；东北、华中及西北地区HDP孕妇存在较多高危因素，也更易伴发器官或系统功能损伤，更应加强孕产妇的管理，减少HDP的发生。.