Oligosaccharide elicitors in plant immunity: Molecular mechanisms and disease resistance strategies

The recognition of oligosaccharide elicitors, which originate from both pathogens and hosts, by membrane-localized receptors is of fundamental importance for triggering host immunity and disease resistance. It is therefore a topic of utmost significance for agricultural and botanical research. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of our current understanding of the types of oligosaccharide elicitors. We explore their diverse immunological functions, aiming to uncover the underlying mechanisms. We then detail the known recognition receptors for these oligosaccharide elicitors and describe the immune signaling pathways in which they participate. We outline the counter-defense strategies used by pathogens in response to oligosaccharide-induced immunity, offering insight into the complex interactions between plants and pathogens. Finally, we discuss challenges and limitations in the field of oligosaccharide-based immunity and propose directions for future research. A holistic view of oligosaccharide elicitors can facilitate the development of more effective strategies for enhancing plant disease resistance by leveraging mechanisms of oligosaccharide-induced immunity, ultimately promoting more sustainable agricultural practices and a better understanding of plant-pathogen interactions.