Defect engineering of vanadium-based electrode materials for zinc ion battery

With the quick development of sustainable energy sources, aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs) have become a highly potential energy storage technology. It is a crucial step to construct desired electrode materials for improving the total performance of AZIBs. In recent years, considerable efforts have focused on the modification of vanadium-based cathode materials. In this review, we summarized defect engineering strategies of vanadium-based cathodes, including oxygen defects, cation vacancies and heterogeneous doping. Then, we discussed the effect of various defects on the electrochemical performance of electrode materials. Finally, we proposed the future challenges and development directions of V-based cathode materials.