生态调节池
环境科学
生物滤池
雨水
反硝化
反硝化细菌
厌氧氨氧化菌
环境工程
富营养化
污染物
低影响开发
地表径流
环境化学
氮气
生态学
营养物
化学
生物
雨水管理
有机化学
作者
Basanta Kumar Biswal,K. Vijayaraghavan,Max G. Adam,Daryl Lee Tsen-Tieng,Allen P. Davis,Rajasekhar Balasubramanian
标识
DOI:10.1080/07388551.2021.1969888
摘要
Excess nitrogen in stormwater degrades surface water quality via eutrophication and related processes. Bioretention has been recognized as a highly effective low-impact development (LID) technology for the management of high runoff volumes and reduction of nitrogen (N) pollutants through various mechanisms. This paper provides a comprehensive and critical review of recent developments on the biological N removal processes occurring in bioretention systems. The key plant- and microbe-mediated N transformation processes include assimilation (N uptake by plants and microbes), nitrification, denitrification, and anammox (anaerobic ammonia oxidation), but denitrification is the major pathway of permanent N removal. Overall, both laboratory- and field-scale bioretention systems have demonstrated promising N removal performance (TN: >70%). The phyla Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria are the most abundant microbial communities found to be enriched in biofilter media. Furthermore, the denitrifying communities contain several functional genes (e.g., nirK/nirS, and nosZ), and their concentrations increase near the surface of media depth. The N removal effectiveness of bioretention systems is largely impacted by the hydraulics and environmental factors. When a bioretention system operates at: low hydraulic/N loading rate, containing a saturation zone, vegetated with native plants, having deeper and multilayer biofilter media with warm climate temperature and wet storm events periods, the N removal efficiency can be high. This review highlights shortcomings and current knowledge gaps in the area of total nitrogen removal using bioretention systems, as well as identifies future research directions on this topic.
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