Surgical Management of Spinal Tuberculosis—The Past, Present, and Future

Tuberculosis is endemic in many parts of the world. With increasing immigration, we can state that it is prevalent throughout the globe. Tuberculosis of the spine is the most common form of bone and joint tuberculosis; the principles of treatment are different; biology, mechanics, and neurology are affected. Management strategies have changed significantly over the years, from watchful observations to aggressive debridement, to selective surgical indications based on well-formed principles. This has been possible due to the development of various diagnostic tests for early detection of the disease, effective anti-tubercular therapy, and associated research, which have revolutionized treatment. This picture is rapidly changing with the advent of minimally invasive spine surgery and its application in treating spinal infections. This review article focuses on the past, present, and future principles of surgical management of tuberculosis of the spine.