From signal analysis to clinical practice: the use of peak frequency in mapping and ablation

Differentiating near-field (NF) from far-field (FF) electrograms (EGMs) is essential for accurate mapping and ablation of cardiac arrhythmias. With the advent of high density mapping systems, this distinction has traditionally relied on bipolar voltage analysis and activation mapping, while the evaluation of signal frequency has remained largely underexplored. Recently, a novel algorithm called peak frequency (PF) has been introduced as a complementary tool to conventional mapping strategies. By applying Wavelet transformation (WT), PF enables objective quantification of signal frequency, accurate identification of FF electrograms, and visualization of high frequency components on electro-anatomical maps. This review examines the role of peak frequency in mapping and ablation, spanning from fundamental signal analysis to clinical applications.