Biomaterials for dental composite applications: A comprehensive review of physical, chemical, mechanical, thermal, tribological, and biological properties

Abstract Biomaterials have been widely used in dental composite materials or implants and their physical, mechanical, wear, and biocompatibility characteristics must be evaluated for clinical application. Extensive research has been committed to establishing various scientific methods for customizing the microstructure of dental biomaterials. As the ultimate goal of the selected implant material is the patient's safety and functionality, the current literature survey inspects and brings onward the vital features associated with the mechanical, biological, and microstructural properties of biomaterials used in dental composites or implants. The review study focuses on the successful use of diverse materials as an additive in bioceramics/fibers and the processing processes used to improve characteristics, allowing the material to be utilized in dental materials or implants. The influence of various fillers on the physical, chemical, mechanical, thermal, wear, and biological characteristics of fabricated dental restorative composite materials have been elaborately discussed. Furthermore, the design of experiment prospects is proposed to encourage new advancements in biomaterials research.