Mogroside V exerts anti-inflammatory effects on fine particulate matter-induced inflammation in porcine alveolar macrophages

Mogroside V is the main bioactive component of Siraitia grosvenorii (Swingle), and has a potential anti-inflammatory function. However, the effect of mogroside V on fine particulate matter (PM2.5)-induced inflammation has not been reported. In the present study, the biological effect of mogroside V on inflammation was investigated in PM2.5- treated porcine alveolar macrophages (3D4/21). The results showed that mogroside V significantly inhibited PM2.5-induced nitric oxide (NO) production and rescued the arginase activity inhibited by PM2.5. In the presence of mogroside V, the upregulation of IL-18, TNF-α and COX-2 by PM2.5 in 3D4/21 cells was inhibited. Mogroside V attenuated PM2.5-induced phosphorylation of NF-κB p65 and the expression of NLRP3. Mogroside V reduced intracellular ROS levels induced by PM2.5. In the transcriptomic analysis, inflammation-related genes in 3D4/21 cells were not significantly affected after treatment with mogroside V. These results indicated that mogroside V can alleviate the inflammatory response of porcine alveolar macrophages induced by PM2.5 from pig house and that mogroside V may play the role through the antioxidant function of eliminating ROS. Mogroside V has a clear anti-inflammatory function in the presence of inflammation.