Two-dimensional vector bending sensor based on a hole-assisted three-core fiber coupler

We demonstrate a two-dimensional vector bending sensor based on a hole-assisted three-core fiber (HATCF) coupler. The sensor is built by splicing a section of HATCF between two single-mode fibers (SMFs). The resonance couplings between the center core and the two suspended cores of the HATCF occur at different wavelengths. Two completely discrete resonance dips are observed. The bending response of the proposed sensor is investigated over a 360° range. The bending curvature and direction can be identified by interrogating the wavelengths of the two resonance dips, and a maximum curvature sensitivity of -50.62 nm/m-1 is achieved at 0° direction. Moreover temperature sensitivity of the sensor is less than -34.9 pm/°C.