Ethno-medicinal uses, ecology, phytochemistry, biological activities, and conservation approaches for Himalayan Rhubarb species

Rheum L. is an important genus of the family Polygonaceae comprised of nearly 60 herbaceous species distributed across the world. The members of Rheum genus are extensively used in curing several ailments, like wound healing, blood purification, menstruation problems, indigestion, headaches, chest pain, dysentery, stomachaches, fractured and broken bones, etc. The crude extracts and drugs derived from Rehum species possess anticancer, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anti-SARS activity, and wound-healing properties. However, all the information on this genus is scattered and a systematic review of Rheum species is not available. The present study highlighted major distribution points, secondary metabolites, and pharmacological properties of Rheum species. A total of 144 unique compounds were recorded from Rheum genus, of them 24 were Stilbenes. This study further scientifically re-examines all published literature and explores market potential and pharmacology along with recommendations for the conservation of these high-value species.