Evaluation of Selectivity Index and Phytoconstituents Profile of Various Extracts from the Stem of Strychnos lucida R. Br. as Anti-malarial

Pharmacognosy Research,2023,15,4,733-750.DOI:10.5530/pres.15.4.078Published:October 2023Type:Original ArticleAuthors:Uswatun Khasanah, Alvan Febrian Shalas, Bachtiar Rifai Pratita Ihsan, Lung Ayu Asti Wulandari, Nadela Cintya Nurtyas, Waril, Iin Alipiani, and Ulfa Malihatus Sholiha Author(s) affiliations:Uswatun Khasanah1,*, Alvan Febrian Shalas1, Bachtiar Rifai Pratita Ihsan1, Lung Ayu Asti Wulandari2, Nadela Cintya Nurtyas2, Waril2, Iin Alipiani2, Ulfa Malihatus Sholiha2 1Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University, Malang, INDONESIA. 2Undergraduate Program of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University, Malang, INDONESIA. Abstract:Introduction: Strychnos lucida R. Br. or Songga was empirically used as an anti-malarial and immunostimulant in the Tetun tribe, Indonesia. However, almost all plants from the genus Strychnos contain the alkaloid toxic compound strychnine. Objectives: The aims of this study are to determine in vitro/in vivo anti-malarial activity, to analyze the selectivity index, and to measure the phytoconstituents of various extracts (water, ethanol, ethyl acetate, n-hexane) from S. lucida stem. Materials and Methods: In vitro anti-malarial study was conducted against Plasmodium falciparum 3D7-chloroquine-sensitive, and in vitro cytotoxic was performed against Monkey kidney Vero cell. Plasmodium berghei ANKA-chloroquine sensitive infected malaria mice were used as a model for evaluation of in vivo anti-plasmodial. Phytoconstituents profile was determined using Thermo scientific LC-HRMS, and the m/z data was analyzed using Compound Discoverer software with mzCloud MS/MS Library. Results: Water (W), Ethanol (E), and Ethyl Acetate (EA) extract exhibited more potential in vitro/in vivo anti-malarial activity than n-hexane (H) extract (IC50 2.48±0.09; 2.45±0.02; 2.90±0.07; 7.64±0.30 μg/mL, respectively). The selectivity index of water, ethanol, ethyl acetate, and n-hexane extract are 211.47, 78.46, 249.62, and 32.39, respectively). According to the LC-HRMS profile, water and ethanol extract mainly contain alkaloid and phenolic compounds. Ethyl acetate and n-hexane mostly contain terpenoids and fatty acids. Conclusion: According to the result, we conclude that ethanol and water extract from S. lucida R. Br. display potential anti-malarial. Alkaloids and phenolic compounds probably have the most contribution to their anti-malarial activity. Keywords:Anti-malarial, LC-HRMS, Selectivity index, Strycnos lucida R. Br., Vero cellView:PDF (702.98 KB)