Phototherapy: A Conventional Approach to Overcome the Barriers in Oncology Therapeutics

Cancer disease has outgrown a life-threatening disease. Having reference to preceding reports provided by the International Agency for Research on Cancer, an estimated 9.6 million deaths transpired from cancer worldwide in 2018. Similarly, about 18.1 million new cases of cancer are being reported. The rise in conventional treatments akin to surgeries, chemotherapies, and radiotherapies was enormously observed to eradicate cancer tumors. These studies have shown unfavorable side effects in clinical treatments. Drug resistivity and drug cytotoxicities are also major issues to overcome. Considering these, researchers are developing alternative methods that are robust, economical, and safe. The use of light for therapeutic purposes shows a great history in vitiligo treatment. The combination of an effective activating agent and phototherapy could result as the best alternative with a great outcome to minimize adverse effects on healthy tissues. The utilization of light in the deletion of tumors using photothermal agents, and photosensitizers, hence the phototherapies in oncology were discovered and rapidly involved in the advancement of clinical approach. Here, in this article, we tried to highlight the recent trends in phototherapy and reviewed different types of phototherapy methods in cancer treatments and their latest clinical, preclinical, and in vivo studies.