Complications of Different Types of Cranioplasty and Identification of Risk Factors Associated with Cranioplasty at a Tertiary Care Centre: A Prospective Observational Study

Abstract Objective Decompressive craniectomy (DC) is an urgent procedure which is done to decrease intracranial pressure. A study of the complications would suggest measures to improve the care. This study was focused on analyzing the complications after cranioplasty (CP) and to identify risk factors that may be associated with the failure of the procedure. Method: This study was conducted over 41 months at level-1 trauma center and medical college. It included patients undergoing CP for a defect arising out of previous DC or inability to replace the bone flap (Glasgow Coma Scale > 13, size > 5 cm, without surgical site infection). All patients underwent CT imaging before and after the procedure. The CP technique largely depended on the patients, based on the cost of prosthesis and availability. Result: Hundred patients were included in the study. Postoperatively, total 22 patients suffered complications of which few had more than one complication. Titanium implant appeared to be a better implant, with no complication (p < 0.05). Complication was common in younger age group, chemically cured PMMA (polymethyl methacrylate) and ethylene oxide) sterilized bone flap). Complications were higher among patients with multiple comorbidity and stroke patients. Conclusion: Titanium flap had no complication and in case of autologous abdominal subcutaneous flap, apart from bone flap absorption, patients had no major complication. Therefore, both implants are preferred implants for CP. Heat-cured PMMA can be used in case of nonavailability of a better option, as it is economical feasible and can be molded at any dental lab.