Adsorption of heavy metal ions from wastewater: a critical review Yared Daniel

Processing and manufacturing industries produce wastes, such as heavy and toxic metals to the environment and water bodies. Removing of these species from different sources has never been easy and becoming a primary concern for environmental and societal health. Several techniques can be employed to eliminate or minimize the level of these heavy metals, including adsorption on adsorbent materials. The adsorption method is considered a highly efficient technique due to its cheap materials, operation cost, and easy and flexible design. This paper reviewed the adsorption process and related parameters affecting the process as well as different adsorbent materials such as carbon-based materials, clays, metal oxides, and clay-based nanocomposites for the potential removal of heavy and toxic metals from wastewater.