Viral Hepatitis

Viral hepatitis poses a significant public health challenge. Five types (A, B, C, D, E) have distinct transmission, prognosis, and management. Hepatitis A (HAV), spread through fecal-oral contamination, is typically self-limiting with supportive therapy. Hepatitis B (HBV) is sexually transmitted but may also be spread perinatally. HBV can progress into cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatitis C (HCV), a bloodborne virus, can also cause chronic infection and severe liver disease. Vaccination can prevent HAV and HBV; HCV is curable with antiviral therapy but lacks a vaccine. Pregnant patients and those with HIV require special management considerations. Here, we review the pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of viral hepatitis.