GUT INFECTION CAUSED DUE TO VIRAL MICROBIOTA

Human gut microbiota is a complex ecosystem with several functions integrated in the host organism (metabolic, immune, nutrients, absorption etc.) Human microbiota is composed by bacteria, yeasts, fungi and, last but not least, viruses, whose structure, composition, nature, pathogenic role and immunological and genetic predisposition have not been completely described. Among these, majority of the microbiota resides in the gastrointestinal tract and plays an important role in health and diseases in human. According to medical literature on pathogenicity of viruses, the human GI tract harbors bacteriophages and viruses derived from plant. New metagenomics methods have enabled the reconstruction of whole viral genomes from the genetic constituent distributed in the human GI tract, shedding light to understand the composition of gut virome and it’s possible therapeutic applications. This chapter summarize the most recent evidence on the composition and nature of gut “virome”, also its potentials pathological and future therapeutic uses in human health, diseases, and it’s an attempts to clarify the role of the gut "virome" in the larger microbial ecosystem.