Serum Urate Change Among Gout Patients Treated with Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter Type 2 Inhibitors vs. Sulfonylurea: A Comparative Effectiveness Analysis

To investigate the serum urate (SU) change among gout patients initiating SGLT2i, and to compare with sulfonylurea, the second-most widely used glucose-lowering medication after metformin. We conducted a cohort study of gout patients with baseline SU >6 mg/dL who had SU measured within 90 days before and after SGLT2i or sulfonylurea initiation. Using multivariable linear regression, we compared SU change among SGLT2i initiators between those with and without diabetes and then compared SU change between SGLT2i and sulfonylurea. We identified 28 gout patients initiating SGLT2i (including 16 with diabetes) and 28 patients initiating sulfonylurea (all with diabetes). Among SGLT2i initiators, the mean within-group SU change was -1.8 (95% CI, -2.4 to -1.1) mg/dL, including -1.2 (-1.8 to -0.6) mg/dL and -2.5 (-3.6 to -1.3) mg/dL among patients with and without diabetes, respectively, with an adjusted difference between those with and without diabetes of -1.4 (-2.4 to -0.5) mg/dL. The SU did not change after initiating sulfonylurea (+0.3 [-0.3 to 1.0] mg/dL). The adjusted SU change difference between SGLT2i vs. sulfonylurea initiation was -1.8 (-2.7 to -0.9) mg/dL in all patients. The SU reduction persisted regardless of urate-lowering therapy or diuretic use and the presence of diabetes, chronic kidney disease, or heart failure. Among gout patients, SGLT2i was associated with a notable reduction in SU compared with sulfonylurea, with a larger reduction among non-diabetic gout patients. With their proven cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic benefits, adding SGLT2i to current gout management could provide streamlined benefits for gout and its comorbidities.