Plasma Inflammation Markers Linked to Complications and Outcomes after Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage

Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) could trigger inflammatory responses. However, the specific role of inflammatory proteins in the pathological mechanism, complications, and prognosis of ICH remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the expression of 92 plasma inflammation-related proteins in patients with ICH (n = 55) and healthy controls (n = 20) using an Olink inflammation panel and discussed the relation to the severity of stroke, clinical complications, 30-day mortality, and 90-day outcomes. Our result showed that six proteins were upregulated in ICH patients compared with healthy controls, while seventy-four proteins were downregulated. In patients with ICH, seven proteins were increased in the severe stroke group compared with the moderate stroke group. In terms of complications, two proteins were downregulated in patients with pneumonia, while nine proteins were upregulated in patients with sepsis. Compared with the survival group, three proteins were upregulated, and one protein was downregulated in the death group. Compared with the good outcome group, eight proteins were upregulated, and four proteins were downregulated in the poor outcome group. In summary, an in-depth exploration of the differential inflammatory factors in the early stages of ICH could deepen our understanding of the pathogenesis of ICH, predict patient prognosis, and explore new treatment strategies.