Resveratrol in Wound Healing Application: Cellular Effects, Mechanisms, and Dressing Innovations

Resveratrol (RSV), a polyphenolic compound found in various plants and fruits, has garnered significant attention for its therapeutic potential in wound healing. Known for its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti-aging properties, RSV plays a pivotal role in regulating cellular and molecular processes essential for wound repair. This review explores RSV's effects on different skin cells involved in wound healing, including fibroblasts, keratinocytes, and macrophages. Mechanisms underlying RSV's benefits, such as its modulation of inflammation, promotion of angiogenesis, and enhancement of tissue regeneration, are discussed. Despite challenges like low bioavailability, innovative RSV-loaded wound dressings like hydrogels and nanovesicles show promise in enhancing its efficacy by ensuring sustained release and tissue compatibility. Further research is crucial to optimize RSV delivery systems and establish standardized treatment protocols to maximize its therapeutic benefits in wound care.