Deep learning‐based hyperspectral technique identifies metastatic lymph nodes in oral squamous cell carcinoma—A pilot study

Abstract Aims To establish a system based on hyperspectral imaging and deep learning for the detection of cancer cells in metastatic lymph nodes. Main Methods The continuous sections of metastatic lymph nodes from 45 oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) patients were collected. An improved ResUNet algorithm was established for deep learning to analyze the spectral curve differences between cancer cells and lymphocytes, and that between tumor tissue and normal tissue. Key Findings It was found that cancer cells, lymphocytes, and erythrocytes in the metastatic lymph nodes could be distinguished basing hyperspectral image, with overall accuracy (OA) as 87.30% and average accuracy (AA) as 85.46%. Cancerous area could be recognized by hyperspectral image and deep learning, and the average intersection over union (IOU) and accuracy were 0.6253 and 0.7692, respectively. Significance This study indicated that deep learning‐based hyperspectral techniques can identify tumor tissue in OSCC metastatic lymph nodes, achieving high accuracy of pathological diagnosis, high work efficiency, and reducing work burden. But these are preliminary results limited to a small sample.