神经形态工程学
材料科学
记忆电阻器
仿真
光子学
计算机科学
光开关
光学计算
光电子学
计算机体系结构
人工神经网络
电子工程
工程类
人工智能
经济增长
经济
作者
Jing‐Yu Mao,Li Zhou,Xiaojian Zhu,Ye Zhou,Su‐Ting Han
标识
DOI:10.1002/adom.201900766
摘要
Abstract Photonic computing and neuromorphic computing could address the inherent limitations of traditional von Neumann architecture and gradually invalidate Moore's law. As photonics applications are capable of storing and processing data in an optical manner with unprecedented bandwidth and high speed, two‐terminal photonic memristors with a remote optical control of resistive switching behaviors at defined wavelengths ensure the benefit of on‐chip integration, low power consumption, multilevel data storage, and a large variation margin, suggesting promising advantages for both photonic and neuromorphic computing. Herein, the development of photonic memristors is reviewed, as well as their application in photonic computing and emulation on optogenetics‐modulated artificial synapses. Different photoactive materials acting as both photosensing and storage media are discussed in terms of their optical‐tunable memory behaviors and underlying resistive switching mechanism with consideration of photogating and photovoltaic effects. Moreover, light‐involved logic operations, system‐level integration, and light‐controlled artificial synaptic memristors along with improved learning tasks performance are presented. Furthermore, the challenges in the field are discussed, such as the lack of a comprehensive understanding of microscopic mechanisms under light illumination and a general constraint of inferior near‐infrared (NIR) sensitivity.
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