Virtual reality approaches to pain: toward a state of the science

aVirginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States bOhio University, Athens, OH, United States cUniversity of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States dImmersive Experience Labs, LLC, Birmingham, AL, United States *Corresponding author. Address: Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Box 980677, VCU School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298-0677, United States. Tel.: 917-209-4866. E-mail address: [email protected] (Z. Trost). Sponsorships or competing interests that may be relevant to content are disclosed at the end of this article. Supplemental digital content is available for this article. Direct URL citations appear in the printed text and are provided in the HTML and PDF versions of this article on the journal's Web site (www.painjournalonline.com).