Vanadium Redox-Flow-Battery Electrolyte Preparation with Reducing Agents

A waste-free method was developed to prepare electrolytes using reducing agents for vanadium redox flow battery. Via this approach, both the electrolyte cost and waste can be reduced by 33% which are favored financially and environmentally. Thermodynamic-model calculations show 100% conversion on reaction between fully-charged vanadium positive solution (VO 2 + ) and oxalic acid. The kinetics on the redox reaction is discussed as well.