Effectiveness of Digital Interventions in Reducing Chemsex-Related Health Risks Among Men Who Have Sex with Men (MSM): A Systematic Review

Chemsex among men who have sex with men (MSM) has emerged as a significant public health concern, creating an urgent need for effective harm-reduction strategies. Digital platforms are becoming a promising tool to reach at-risk populations, yet no comprehensive synthesis of digital interventions addressing chemsex-related health risks currently exists. This review examines recent literature on digital interventions targeting chemsex, HIV/STI risk, and mental health issues. Following PRISMA guidelines, we conducted a systematic review registered in PROSPERO (CRD420251062157). We searched Scopus, PubMed, CINAHL, ScienceDirect, PsycINFO, and Web of Science for original studies evaluating digital interventions for chemsex among participants aged 18 and older. Two authors performed the screening, assessing the risk of bias and quality of the studies using appropriate tools. Fifteen studies met the inclusion criteria; 10 assessed mHealth apps, 3 web-based platforms, 1 telehealth-based intervention, and 1 AI chatbot. Most studies employed high-quality methods and examined the health impacts of digital interventions related to chemsex among MSM, including feasibility, usability, and effectiveness. Reported outcomes included measures of acceptability, usability, and evidence of 1) effective chemsex behavior reduction, 2) increases in HIV/STI prevention and care, and 3) linkage to mental health support. Evidence suggests that digital interventions show significant potential as a tool in reducing chemsex-related health risks among MSM. Future research should focus on the long-term evaluation and sustainability of these approaches, particularly their potential to effectively address interconnected health risks.