Vancomycin-conjugated silica-coated magnetic nanoparticles for efficient capture of bacteria and time-dependent visualization of bacterial cell-wall disruption

@Van NPs induced progressive structural deformation, wrinkling, and membrane rupture within 4 hours. These results confirm that covalent vancomycin conjugation effectively inhibits peptidoglycan cross-linking by concentrating the NPs onto the bacterial cell wall, providing a robust platform for the simultaneous magnetic capture and targeted destruction of diverse bacterial pathogens.