Significance of the Regulated Mechanism of Alternative Splicing of Pyruvate Kinase pre-mRNA in Metabolism of Tumor

Pyruvate kinase is one of the key enzymes in glycolysis.Pyruvate kinase M1 and M2 isoform are produced by pre-mRNA alternative splicing of transcripts of the pyruyate kinase m gene(pkm).Selective expression of M1 and M2 isoform determines the metabolic phenotype of tumor cells,cell proliferation and tumor growth.Thus,regulation of alternative splicing of the pkm gene for control tumor cell growth and metabolism is very important.A recent study showed that the alternative splicing event was controlled by heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein(hnRNP) family members hnRNP A1 and hnRNP A2,and polypyrimidine tract binding protein(PTB,also known as hnRNPⅠ).And oncogenic transcription factor c-Myc is related to overexpression of hnRNP A1/A2 and PTB in cancer cell.Based on the results of the previous studies and the latest researches,this review focused on the mechanism of alternative splicing of the pkm gene.