Traditional overcurrent protection settings are calculated in the worst condition and the settings will not change with power system operation mode.For the problems in the traditional overcurrent protection,the settings were not optimal in some conditions.Based on the theory analysis of traditional overcurrent protection disadvantage, this paper presents one new self - adapting overcurrent protection method to adjust the settings according to the different condition and fault and directional element is equipped in some overcurrent protection.A better adaptive overcurrent protection system is established with multi - agent system(MAS).With the merits of MAS,the adaptive over-current system can adapt the change of power system better.