Options for Exposure: From Minimal Access to Total Aortic Replacement

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Right thoracotomy Median sternotomy Median sternotomy plus neck or clavicular extensions Median sternotomy plus thoracotomy Median sternotomy plus laparotomy Clamshell incision and variations Left-sided thoracotomy and thoracoabdominal incisions Minimally invasive approaches Reoperations Hybrid procedures Summary References