A “Bottom-Up” Approach to Process Development: Application of Physicochemical Properties of Reaction Products toward the Development of Direct-Drop Processes

The “bottom-up” approach to development of direct-drop processes is a powerful, yet simple, strategy that every process chemist should consider for the development of efficient, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly processes. This approach is aided by a “parallel crystallization” technique, which allows for rapid identification of multiple solvent systems for the crystallization of the desired product using a minimal amount of material and solvent. This “bottom-up” approach is illustrated by several examples where the desired product is crystallized directly from the reaction mixture.