During the past 12 years, 40 patients investigated in the Regional Thoracic Unit in Edinburgh because of respiratory symptoms have been shown to have as the cause of these symptoms a tumour known as " bronchial adenoma." During the same period 3,000 patients with bronchial carcinoma have been investigated in the same unit. The 40 cases of bronchial adenoma are presented with the object of demonstrating that this tumour is malignant and differs in only three significant ways from bronchial carcinoma: adenomas grow slowly, they occur more frequently in women, and when they metastacize long survival in thepresence of metastases is common.