Dark social media participation and well-being

In recent years, there have been increasing global concerns about the abuse of digital technologies for malicious 'dark participation', the spreading of digital offenses, hate speech, fake news, and conspiracy theories. Clearly, dark participation can have severe effects on the victims and on society at large. However, less is known about the impact of dark participation on the perpetrators' well-being. Preliminary research on the perpetrators indicates positive emotions and specific gratifications resulting from their behavior, in particular when it is fully consistent with their ideologies. Uncovering these gratifications-and the positive effects dark participation may have on perpetrators' well-being-could be the key to a better understanding of the dark side of social media.