A numerical analysis of temperature distribution in human eye when exposed to electromagnetic radiation

Proliferation of mobile phone communication and long time usage of mobile phone generate electromagnetic radiation that could interact with the human system. Specifically, the eye being one of the most sensitive organ, analyzing the effect of the electromagnetic field on the eye gains more importance. Therefore, discussed here is the distribution of electric field and temperature that are obtained through the solutions to Maxwell's equations for electromagnetic radiation and Pennes bioheat equation for heat transfer. Two models are constructed; first being a 3 dimensional model by considering five tissues and the second being a 2 dimensional model by considering nine tissues with appropriate electrical and thermal properties. On exposing the constructed models to electromagnetic waves at frequencies of 900, 1800 and 2450 MHz that correspond to frequencies used in mobile communication, the electric field distribution, specific absorption rate and temperature distribution are obtained. The temperature distribution was also studied at different time intervals of exposure. The results demonstrate that the effect of duration of exposure is more dominant than the operating frequency in increasing the temperature of the eye.