Ionic Liquids: Properties, Application, and Synthesis

Extensive use of toxic and volatile solvents (Volatile) in the chemical industry leads to serious environmental damage. Therefore, finding a suitable alternative for these solvents, which are environmentally sound and at the same time have the properties of common solvents, is strongly felt in the pharmaceutical and chemical industries. New solvents known as solvents as well as green catalysts include supercritical carbon dioxide and Ionic Liquids. Ionic liquids contain organic compounds that are all composed of ions. Ionic liquids (ILs) are a new category of compounds that have received a lot of attention in recent years. These compounds are used as green solvents in many chemical reactions as well as in the construction of advanced materials. In this review, a general description of ILs and historical background are given; the structure of ILs, cation, anion types and synthesis methods in the related literature are summarized. The main application areas and the basic applications also are discussed in detail.