Graphitic carbon nitride-based nanocomposites electrochemiluminescence systems and their applications in biosensors

As emerging electrochemiluminescence (ECL) emitters, graphitic carbon nitride (g–C3N4)-based nanocomposites not only inherit the advantages of pristine g-C3N4 with high stability and good biocompatibility, but also improve its conductivity, dispersion and ECL efficiency. Therefore, they have already become a growing area of interest in ECL. We summarized the current advancement of different g–C3N4-based nanocomposites ECL systems and related applications in biosensors. We focus on the exciting mechanisms of the enhanced ECL performances of various g–C3N4-based nanocomposites, including metal nanoparticles/g-C3N4 nanocomposites, non-metal doped g–C3N4-based nanocomposites, metal oxide/g-C3N4 nanocomposites, carbonaceous material/g-C3N4 nanocomposites, metal organic framework and other material/g-C3N4 nanocomposites. Finally, this review ends with perspectives in exploring new and effective g–C3N4-based nanocomposites ECL systems and in building sensitive ECL biosensors.